GIT 常用命令

<h1 class="postTitle"><a id="cb_post_title_url" class="postTitle2" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangfu/articles/10335471.html"&gt;GIT 常用命令
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一、新建代码库

$ git init <span class="token punctuation">[project<span class="token operator">-name<span class="token punctuation">]

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 下载一个项目和它的整个代码历史

<span style="color: #ff0000">$ git <span class="hljs-built_in"><span class="hljs-built_in">clone <span class="token punctuation">[url<span class="token punctuation">]

二、配置

Git的设置文件为.gitconfig，它可以在用户主目录下（全局配置），也可以在项目目录下（项目配置）。

$ git config <span class="token operator">-e <span class="token punctuation">[<span class="token operator">--global<span class="token punctuation">]

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 设置提交代码时的用户信息

$ git config <span class="token punctuation">[<span class="token operator">--global<span class="token punctuation">] user<span class="token punctuation">.name <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"[name]"

$ git config <span class="token punctuation">[<span class="token operator">--global<span class="token punctuation">] user<span class="token punctuation">.email <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string"><span class="hljs-string">"[email address]"

三、增加/删除文件

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 添加指定目录到暂存区，包括子目录

$ git add <span class="token punctuation">[dir<span class="token punctuation">]

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 添加当前目录的所有文件到暂存区

<span style="color: #ff0000">$ git add <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">.
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 添加每个变化前，都会要求确认

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 对于同一个文件的多处变化，可以实现分次提交

$ git add <span class="token operator">-p
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 删除工作区文件，并且将这次删除放入暂存区

$ git rm <span class="token punctuation">[file1<span class="token punctuation">] <span class="token punctuation">[file2<span class="token punctuation">] <span class="token punctuation">.<span class="token punctuation">.<span class="token punctuation">.
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 停止追踪指定文件，但该文件会保留在工作区

$ git rm <span class="token operator">--cached <span class="token punctuation">[file<span class="token punctuation">]
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 改名文件，并且将这个改名放入暂存区

$ git mv <span class="token punctuation">[file<span class="token operator">-original<span class="token punctuation">] <span class="token punctuation">[file<span class="token operator">-renamed<span class="token punctuation">]

四、代码提交

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 提交暂存区的指定文件到仓库区

<span style="color: #ff0000">$ git commit <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">[file1<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">] <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">[file2<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">] <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">.<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">.<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">. <span class="token operator"><span style="color: #ff0000">-m <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">[message<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">]

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 提交工作区自上次commit之后的变化，直接到仓库区

$ git commit <span class="token operator">-a
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 提交时显示所有diff信息

$ git commit <span class="token operator">-v
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 使用一次新的commit，替代上一次提交

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 如果代码没有任何新变化，则用来改写上一次commit的提交信息

$ git commit <span class="token operator">--amend <span class="token operator">-m <span class="token punctuation">[message<span class="token punctuation">]
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 重做上一次commit，并包括指定文件的新变化

$ git commit <span class="token operator">--amend <span class="token punctuation">[file1<span class="token punctuation">] <span class="token punctuation">[file2<span class="token punctuation">] <span class="token punctuation">.<span class="token punctuation">.<span class="token punctuation">.

五、分支

<span style="color: #ff0000">$ git branch <span class="token operator"><span style="color: #ff0000">-a

<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 新建一个分支，但依然停留在当前分支

<span style="color: #ff0000">$ git branch <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">[branch<span class="token operator"><span style="color: #ff0000">-name<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">]
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 新建一个分支，并切换到该分支

<span style="color: #ff0000">$ git checkout <span class="token operator"><span style="color: #ff0000">-b <span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">[branch<span class="token punctuation"><span style="color: #ff0000">]
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="hljs-comment"># 新建一个分支，指向指定commit

$ git branch <span class="token punctuation">[branch<span class="token punctuation">] <span class="token punctuation">[commit<span class="token punctuation">]
                        
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